Open Interval

Types of relation Void relation:- Let A be a set. Then, Φ ⊆ A x A and so it is a relation on A. This relation is called the void or empty relation on set A.                    In other words, a relation R on a set A is called void or empty relation, if no element…

Thermodynamic system Thermodynamic system is defined as quantity of matter or a region in a space chosen for study. Everything external to the system is called surroundings. The system is separated from the surroundings by the boundary that may be real or imaginary        The boundary does not intervene between the system and surroundings. It only…

Ideal gases       The term gas is applied to a particular phase of a pure substance which will fills the system boundary, and no change of phase takes place or is contemplated. They always exist in gaseous form. For this reason, they have been called permanent gases.           Perfect…

Universal set In any discussion in set theory, there always happens to be a set that contains all sets under consideration i.e. it is a super  set of each of the given sets. Such a set is called the universal set and is denoted by U. Thus a set that contains all sets in a…

Macroscopic and Microscopic Approaches The behaviour of matter can be studied by two approaches 1. Macroscopic approach,                             2. Microscopic approach 1. Macroscopic approach – In the macroscopic approach a certain quantity of matter is considered for study without knowing the behaviour of individual…

Function as a machine A function can also be regarded as a machine that gives unique output in set B corresponding to each input from the set A just as the function ‘machine’ shown in Fig. 2(b). Which generate an output  y = 2×3 + 5 for each input x. Fig. 2(b)          Usually real…