Venn diagrams The diagram drawn to represent sets are called Venn-diagram. In Venn-diagram the universal set U is represented by points within the rectangle and its subsets are represented points in closed curves (usually circles) within the rectangle. If a set A is a subset of a set B, then the circles representing A is…
Conservation of Energy In the early part of 19th century the scientist developed the concept of energy and hypothesis that it can be neither created nor destroyed ; this come to be known as the law of the conservation of energy. The first law of thermodynamics is merely one statement of this…
Energy in a state Stored energy is the energy possessed by a system. Stored energy in the system is called energy in a state. It is associated with a state. It change depends only on the end states of the process and not on the path of…
Complement of a set Let U be the universal set and let A be a set such that A ⊂ U. Then the complement of A with respect to U is denoted by A’ or Ac or U-A and is defined the set of all those elements of U which are not in A. Thus…
Universal set In any discussion in set theory, there always happens to be a set that contains all sets under consideration i.e. it is a super set of each of the given sets. Such a set is called the universal set and is denoted by U. Thus a set that contains all sets in a…
Ordered pairs An ordered pairs consists of two objects or elements in a given fixed order. For example, if A and B are any two sets, then by an ordered pair of elements we mean a pair (a, b) in that order, where a ∈ A, b ∈…
