Difference of sets Let A and B be two sets. The difference of A and B written as A – B, is the set of all those elements of A which do not belong to set B Thus A – B={ x : x ∈ A and x ∉ B} or A – B={ x…
Complement of a set Let U be the universal set and let A be a set such that A ⊂ U. Then the complement of A with respect to U is denoted by A’ or Ac or U-A and is defined the set of all those elements of U which are not in A. Thus…
Thermodynamic equilibrium Thermodynamic state is a condition of a system and is specified by its thermodynamic properties. Thermodynamic Equilibrium of a system is a state such that if the system is isolated from its surroundings no change in thermodynamic properties would occur. A system will be in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium if the conditions…
Get Way learning
Relation Let A and B be two sets. Then a relation from set A to B is a subset of A × B. Thus, R is a relation from A to B⇔R ⊆ A × B. If R is a relation from a non-void set A to non-void set B and my if (a, b)…
Subsets of the set R of real numbers Following sets are important subsets of the set R of all real numbers: (i) The set of all natural numbers N = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,…. } (u) The set of all integers Z = { … – 3, – 2, -1,…
