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| Fig (9) |
Intersection of sets Let A and B be two sets. The intersection of A and B is the set of all those elements that belongs to both A and B. See in Fig(v) shaded region show A∩B We denote A intersection B by notation “A ∩ B” Thus A∩B = { x : x ∈…
Thermodynamic system Thermodynamic system is defined as quantity of matter or a region in a space chosen for study. Everything external to the system is called surroundings. The system is separated from the surroundings by the boundary that may be real or imaginary The boundary does not intervene between the system and surroundings. It only…
Union of sets Let A and B be two sets. The union of A and B is the set of all those elements which belong either to A or to B or to both A and B. We denote A union B by notation “A ∪ B” Thus A∪B = { x : x ∈…
Subsets of the set R of real numbers Following sets are important subsets of the set R of all real numbers: (i) The set of all natural numbers N = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,…. } (u) The set of all integers Z = { … – 3, – 2, -1,…
Intervals as subsets of R Closed intervals Let a and b be two given real numbers such that a < b. Then the set of all real numbers x such that a ≤ x ≤ b is called a closed interval and is denoted by [a, b] . Thus, [a, b] = {…
Conservation of Energy In the early part of 19th century the scientist developed the concept of energy and hypothesis that it can be neither created nor destroyed ; this come to be known as the law of the conservation of energy. The first law of thermodynamics is merely one statement of this…
