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Venn diagrams The diagram drawn to represent sets are called Venn-diagram. In Venn-diagram the universal set U is represented by points within the rectangle and its subsets are represented points in closed curves (usually circles) within the rectangle. If a set A is a subset of a set B, then the circles representing A is…

Energy interaction (Transition)             An energy interaction or transition is said to occur or to exist between two systems when one system influences a sustains the state of the other system. Thermodynamics mainly studies the interactions between heat and work and associated property change of the system In otherwords Energy…

Ideal gases       The term gas is applied to a particular phase of a pure substance which will fills the system boundary, and no change of phase takes place or is contemplated. They always exist in gaseous form. For this reason, they have been called permanent gases.           Perfect…

Union of sets Let A and B be two sets. The union of A and B is the set of all those elements which belong either to A or to B or to both A and B. We denote A union B by notation “A ∪ B” Thus  A∪B = { x : x ∈…

Function as a correspondence   Let A and B be two non-empty sets. Then a function ‘f ‘ from set A  to set B is a rule or method or correspondence which associates elements of set A to elements of set B such  that: Fig. 2(a) (i) all elements of set A are associated to…

Intersection of sets Let A and B be two sets. The intersection of A and B is the set of all those elements that belongs to both A and B. See in Fig(v) shaded region show A∩B We denote A intersection B by notation “A ∩ B” Thus  A∩B = { x : x ∈…