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Function as a machine A function can also be regarded as a machine that gives unique output in set B corresponding to each input from the set A just as the function ‘machine’ shown in Fig. 2(b). Which generate an output  y = 2×3 + 5 for each input x. Fig. 2(b)          Usually real…

SI (System of international) system of units The SI system consists of seven basic units and two supplementary units. These are represented in table 1 . The unit for other quantities are derived from the basic units which are given in table 2. It is convenient to use prefix to avoid the use of very…

Intervals as subsets of R    Closed intervals  Let a and b be two given real numbers such that a < b. Then the set of all real numbers x such that a ≤ x ≤ b is called a closed interval and is denoted by [a, b] .   Thus,     [a, b] = {…

Energy interaction (Transition)             An energy interaction or transition is said to occur or to exist between two systems when one system influences a sustains the state of the other system. Thermodynamics mainly studies the interactions between heat and work and associated property change of the system In otherwords Energy…

Union of sets Let A and B be two sets. The union of A and B is the set of all those elements which belong either to A or to B or to both A and B. We denote A union B by notation “A ∪ B” Thus  A∪B = { x : x ∈…

Types of relation Void relation:- Let A be a set. Then, Φ ⊆ A x A and so it is a relation on A. This relation is called the void or empty relation on set A.                    In other words, a relation R on a set A is called void or empty relation, if no element…